\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Guide to the Source Code}{4}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Abstract Syntax}{4}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Analysis}{4}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Translation}{6}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Code Generation}{6}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Tiger Runtime System}{6}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Other Modules}{6}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Abstract Syntax of Tiger}{7}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Symbols}{7}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.1}Basic Symbols}{7}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.2}Symbol Tables}{8}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Abstract Syntax}{10}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.1}Ast Types}{10}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2.2}Abstract Syntax Tree Printer}{11}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Analysis}{16}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Environments}{16}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.1}Interface to the Environment}{17}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.2}Implementation of Environments}{18}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Semantic Analysis}{20}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.1}Type System}{21}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.2}The {\normalfont \tt {}translate\relax } Entry Point}{23}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.3}Declarations}{24}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Function Declarations}{24}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Variable Declarations}{25}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Type Declarations}{25}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Exception Declarations}{26}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.4}Variables}{26}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Simple Variables}{26}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Field Variables}{27}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Subscript Variables}{27}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2.5}Expressions}{27}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Simple Expressions}{28}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Records}{28}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Arrays}{29}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Assignment}{29}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Operator Expressions}{29}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Function Calls}{30}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Conditionals}{30}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Loops}{31}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Sequences}{32}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Let Expressions}{32}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Exceptions}{32}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Translation}{34}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Intermediate Representation}{34}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Interface to the IR}{35}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Implementation of IR Utilities}{36}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Translation to Intermediate Representation}{39}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.2.1}Translation Implementation}{39}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Utilities}{40}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Literals}{41}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Function Calls}{41}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Variables}{42}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Operator Expressions}{43}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Conditionals}{43}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Loops}{44}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Records and Arrays}{44}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Sequences}{45}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Functions}{46}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Exceptions}{46}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Code Generation}{48}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Stack Frames}{48}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {5.1.1}Stack Frame Implementation}{49}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Code Generation}{52}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Tiger Runtime System}{55}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Allocation and Garbage Collection}{55}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1.1}Memory Allocator}{55}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1.2}Garbage Collector Implementation}{56}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1.3}Garbage Collector Main Loop}{58}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Tiger Standard Library}{59}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Standard Library Implementation}{60}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Library Functions}{61}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Exceptions}{64}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Runtime Startup Code}{65}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.3.1}Interpreter Startup}{65}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {A}Driver and Utilities}{70}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.1}Compiler Driver}{70}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Standard Basis}{70}
\contentsline {paragraph}{Compiler Driver}{71}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.2}Error Handling}{72}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.2.1}Error Implementation}{73}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {A.3}Command Line Options}{74}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.3.1}Options}{74}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {A.3.2}Option Implementation}{75}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {B}Scanner and Parser}{76}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.1}Scanner}{76}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {B.2}Parser}{79}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {C}Linearize Algorithm}{85}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {C.1}Canonical Trees}{85}